The
use of I.V morphine in dyspnea from pulmonary edema due to left ventricular
failure produces remarkable relief. The proposed mechanisms include:
1) reduced anxiety ( decreased perception of shortness of breath ),
2) reduced cardiac preload ( reduced venous tone ) and
3) decreased cardiac afterload (decreased peripheral resistance ).
However frusemide remains the treatment of choice. Side effect is respiratory depression at a higher dosage which occurs because of inhibition of the brainstem respiratory mechanism.
1) reduced anxiety ( decreased perception of shortness of breath ),
2) reduced cardiac preload ( reduced venous tone ) and
3) decreased cardiac afterload (decreased peripheral resistance ).
However frusemide remains the treatment of choice. Side effect is respiratory depression at a higher dosage which occurs because of inhibition of the brainstem respiratory mechanism.
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