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Showing posts from February, 2015

Adverse effects of Amiodarone

1) Hypotension can occur especially with the intravenous form due to vasodilation and depressed myocardial performance. Long-term oral therapy can also cause depressed contractility but it is unusual. 2) Nausea can sometimes be seen during the loading phase. All we have to do is to decrease the daily dose of the medication. 3) Pulmonary fibrosis is the most serious adverse effect during chronic amiodarone therapy. The fibrosis can be rapidly progressive and fatal. The risk factors include: underlying lung disease, doses of 400 mg/day or more and recent pulmonary insults such as pneumonia. Early amiodarone toxicity can be detected using pulmonary function tests and serial chest X-rays. 4) Other adverse effects that may be seen during long-term therapy include a) corneal microdeposits (which often are asymptomatic), b) hepatic dysfunction, c) vivid and disturbing dreams d) neuromuscular symptoms (most commonly peripheral neuropathy or proximal muscle weakness), e) photosensitiv

Aminoglycosides - why -mycin and -micin

The aminoglycoside group includes gentamicin, amikacin, netilmicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, streptomycin, paromomycin and neomycin. These drugs have a good action against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. They are rapidly bactericidal. Bacterial killing is concentration dependent: The higher the concentration, the greater is the rate at which bacteria are killed. As noted above, some of the names end by -micin while others by -mycin. The reason behind this lies in the origin of the antibiotics. All the antibiotics ending with -mycin are either natural products or semisynthetic derivatives of compounds produced by a variety of soil actinomycetes notably Streptomyces . Those ending with -micin are derived from other actinomycetes e.g Micromonospora.