There are 4 types of emphysema:
1) centriacinar/centrilobular - seen in cigarette smokers
2) panacinar/panlobular - seen in α1-antitrypsin deficiency
3) distal acinar
4) irregular.
Pathogenesis:
Protease- antiprotease imbalance theory as shown in the picture above.
On examination:
Patient will be dyspneic, hyperventilating and have a prolonged expiration. The chest will be barrel shaped.
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